Industrial porcelain enameling processes

Enameling processes by product

Below a summary of currently used enameling processes and its generic suitability for various product groups.

Processes	Boilers	Cookers	Cookware	Sanitary ware
1 coat / 1 fire dry	Yes	Yes	No	No
1 coat / 1 fire wet	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
2 coats / 1 fire dry/dry	No	Yes	No	Yes
2 coats / 1 fire wet/dry	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
2 coats / 1 fire wet/wet	No	Yes	No	Yes
2 coats / 2 fires dry/dry	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
2 coats / 2 fires dry/wet	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
2 coats / 2 fires wet/wet	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
3 coats / 2 fires wet/wet/wet	No	No	No	Yes

DTC may assist you to select the most suitable enameling process for your product, production
and/or environmental requirements. Please do not hesitate to call or e-mail us.

One coat / one fire (dry) enameling process

Process short	1c/1f (d)
Typical products	-
Typical color(s)	White and pastel colors	Dark colors
Process steps	Pickling & drying Powder enamel application Firing	Spray degreasing & drying Powder enamel application Firing
Number of process steps	3	3
Substrate requirements	Decarburized enameling steel	Normal enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Full picking with nickel	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Electrostatic dry spraying	Electrostatic dry spraying
Dry Film Thickness	120 - 150 μm	90 μm
Remarks

One coat / one fire (wet) enameling process

Process short	1c/1f (w)
Typical products	-
Typical color(s)	White and pastel colors	Dark colors
Process steps	Pickling & drying Wet enamel application Drying Firing	Spray degreasing & drying Wet enamel application Drying Firing
Number of process steps	4	4
Substrate requirements	Decarburized enameling steel	Normal enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Full picking with nickel	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Electrostatic wet spraying	Various wet application methods
Dry Film Thickness	120 - 150 μm	90 μm
Remarks

Two coats / one fire (dry/dry) enameling process

Process short	2c/1f (d/d)
Typical color(s)	Mainly white and a few pastel colors
Typical products	Flat cooker panels & sanitary ware
Process steps	Spray degreasing & drying Powder application Powder application Firing
Number of process steps	4
Substrate requirements	Decarburized enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Electrostatic dry powder
Dry Film Thickness	150 - 200 μm
Remarks

Two coats / one fire (wet/dry) enameling process

Process short	2c/1f (w/d)
Typical color(s)	Mainly white and a few pastel colors
Typical products	Flat cooker panels & sanitary ware
Process steps	Spray degreasing & drying Wet enamel application Drying Powder application Firing
Number of process steps	5
Substrate requirements	Decarburized enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Electrostatic wet & dry powder
Dry Film Thickness	150 - 200 μm
Remarks

Two coats / one fire (wet/wet) enameling process

Process short	2c/1f (w/w)
Typical color(s)	White and pastel colors
Typical products	Flat cooker panels & sanitary ware
Process steps	Spray degreasing & drying Wet enamel application Wet enamel application Firing
Number of process steps	4
Substrate requirements	Decarburized enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Electrostatic wet
Dry Film Thickness	150 - 200 μm
Remarks

Two coats / two fire (dry/dry) enameling process

Process short	2c/2f (d/d)
Typical color(s)	Mainly white and a few pastel colors
Typical products	Flat cooker panels & sanitary ware
Process steps	Spray degreasing & drying Powder application Firing Powder application Firing
Number of process steps	5
Substrate requirements	Normal enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Electrostatic dry powder
Dry Film Thickness	200 - 220 μm
Remarks

Two coats / two fire (dry/wet) enameling process

Process short	2c/2f (d/w)
Typical color(s)	White and pastel colors
Typical products	Flat cooker panels & sanitary ware
Process steps	Spray degreasing & drying Powder application Firing Wet enamel application Drying Firing
Number of process steps	6
Substrate requirements	Normal enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Electrostatic dry powder plus various wet application methods
Dry Film Thickness	200 - 220 μm
Remarks

Two coats / two fire (wet/wet) enameling process

Process short	2c/2f (w/w)
Typical color(s)	White and pastel colors
Typical products	Any difficult shaped object
Process steps	Spray degreasing & drying Wet enamel application Drying Firing Wet enamel application Drying Firing
Number of process steps	7
Substrate requirements	Normal enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Various wet application methods
Dry Film Thickness	200 - 220 μm
Remarks	1) Pickling process may be used for rusty steel

Three coats / two fire (wet/wet/wet) enameling process

Process short	3c/2f (w/w/w)
Typical color(s)	White and pastel colors
Typical products	Any difficult shaped object
Process steps	Spray degreasing & drying Wet enamel application Drying Wet enamel application Firing Wet enamel application Drying Firing
Number of process steps	8
Substrate requirements	Normal enameling steel**
Pretreatment	Alkaline degreasing & rinsing
Application	Various wet application methods
Dry Film Thickness	200 - 220 μm
Remarks	1) Pickling process may be used for rusty steel 2) Modified 2c/1f w/w process with increase first pass

About Us

Ditmer Trading & Consulting BV is a family owned company, which was founded by Ronald Ditmer in 2007.

We are specialized in providing worldwide professional services & supplies to the porcelain (vitreous) enameling industry.

Benefit from our experience

Our Managing Director & Owner has been personally involved in 50+ industrial porcelain enameling projects since 1984, while working respectively for Ferro (Holland) BV, Smit Ovens BV, Smit Sinus Enameling BV, Nordson Corporation and/or Ditmer Trading & Consulting BV.

Company details

Ditmer Trading & Consulting BV
Palissander 141
3315MP Dordrecht
The Netherlands

Phone : +31-78-6169877
e-mail : info@ditmer.nl

for further information and/or assistance

Industrial Porcelain Enameling Processes

Many different enameling processes have been developed to ensure coating properties, reduce enameling cost and/or meet environmental requirements.

Enameling processes by product

Processes

Boilers

Cookers

Cookware

Sanitary ware